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Compare Spratly Islands (2007) - Dominican Republic (2001)

Compare Spratly Islands (2007) z Dominican Republic (2001)

 Spratly Islands (2007)Dominican Republic (2001)
 Spratly IslandsDominican Republic
Administrative divisions - 29 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elias Pina, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, Sanchez Ramirez, San Cristobal, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Valverde
Age structure - 0-14 years:
34.11% (male 1,495,477; female 1,431,406)

15-64 years:
60.99% (male 2,664,679; female 2,569,398)

65 years and over:
4.9% (male 199,240; female 221,277) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs
Airports 3 (2007) 29 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)		 total:
13

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)		 total:
16

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
10 (2000 est.)
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea		 total:
48,730 sq km

land:
48,380 sq km

water:
350 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire
Background The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of the 20th century was brought to an end in 1996 when free and open elections ushered in a new government.
Birth rate - 24.77 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$2.3 billion

expenditures:
$2.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $867 million (1999 est.)
Capital - Santo Domingo
Climate tropical tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
Coastline 926 km 1,288 km
Constitution - 28 November 1966
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands		 conventional long form:
Dominican Republic

conventional short form:
none

local long form:
Republica Dominicana

local short form:
none
Currency - Dominican peso (DOP)
Death rate - 4.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $4.7 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Charles T. MANATT

embassy:
corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo

mailing address:
Unit 5500, APO AA 34041-5500

telephone:
[1] (809) 221-2171

FAX:
[1] (809) 686-7437
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Roberto Bienvenido SALADIN-SELIN

chancery:
1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-6280

FAX:
[1] (202) 265-8057

consulate(s) general:
Boston, Chicago, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)

consulate(s):
Houston, Jacksonville, Mobile, and Ponce (Puerto Rico)
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands none
Economic aid - recipient - $239.6 million (1995)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. The Dominican economy experienced dramatic growth over the last decade, even though the economy was hit hard by Hurricane Georges in 1998. Although the country has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in tourism and free trade zones. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GNP, while the richest ten percent enjoy 40% of national income. In December 2000, the new MEJIA administration passed broad new tax legislation which it hopes will provide enough revenue to offset rising oil prices and to service foreign debt.
Electricity - consumption - 6.78 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 7.29 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
87.19%

hydro:
12.4%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.41% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m		 lowest point:
Lago Enriquillo -46 m

highest point:
Pico Duarte 3,175 m
Environment - current issues NA water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation; Hurricane Georges damage
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%
Exchange rates - Dominican pesos per US dollar - 16.888 (January 2001), 16.415 (2000), 16.033 (1999), 15.267 (1998), 14.265 (1997), 13.775 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (since 16 August 2000); Vice President Milagros ORTIZ-BOSCH (since 16 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (since 16 August 2000); Vice President Milagros ORTIZ-BOSCH (since 16 August 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet nominated by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year term; election last held 16 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2004)

election results:
Raphael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez elected president; percent of vote - Rafael Hipolito MEJIA Dominguez (PRD) 49.87%, Danilo MEDINA (PLD) 24.95%, Joaquin BALAGUER (PRSC) 24.6%
Exports - $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities - ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats
Exports - partners - US 66.1%, Netherlands 7.8%, Canada 7.6%, Russia 7.4%, UK 4.5% (1999 est.)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms is at the center of the cross
GDP - purchasing power parity - $48.3 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
11.3%

industry:
32.2%

services:
56.5% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $5,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 19 00 N, 70 40 W
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti (eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic, western one-third is Haiti)
Heliports 3 (2007) -
Highways - total:
12,600 km

paved:
6,224 km

unpaved:
6,376 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
1.6%

highest 10%:
39.6% (1989)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada
Imports - $9.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals
Imports - partners - US 25.7%, Venezuela 9.2%, Mexico 4%, Japan 3%, Panama 2.6% (1999 est.)
Independence - 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
Industrial production growth rate - 8% (2000 est.)
Industries - tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco
Infant mortality rate - 34.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 7.9% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, Caricom (observer), ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 24 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 2,300 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are elected by a Council made up of members of the legislative and executive branches with the president presiding)
Labor force - 2.3 million - 2.6 million
Labor force - by occupation - services and government 58.7%, industry 24.3%, agriculture 17% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
275 km

border countries:
Haiti 275 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)		 arable land:
21%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
43%

forests and woodland:
12%

other:
15% (1993 est.)
Languages - Spanish
Legal system - based on French civil codes
Legislative branch - bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (149 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held 16 May 1998 (next to be held NA May 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 May 1998 (next to be held NA May 2002)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 24, PLD 3, PRSC 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 83, PLD 49, PRSC 17
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
73.44 years

male:
71.34 years

female:
75.64 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
82.1%

male:
82%

female:
82.2% (1995 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti
Map references Southeast Asia Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims NA contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
6 NM
Merchant marine - total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,587 GRT/1,165 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $180 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
2,281,035 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
1,430,776 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
87,404 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 27 February (1844)
Nationality - noun:
Dominican(s)

adjective:
Dominican
Natural hazards typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential nickel, bauxite, gold, silver
Net migration rate - -3.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 96 km; petroleum products 8 km
Political parties and leaders - Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hatuey DE CAMPS]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Collective of Popular Organizations or COP
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states		 8,581,477 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - 25% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate - 1.63% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Barahona, La Romana, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo
Radio broadcast stations - AM 120, FM 56, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 1.44 million (1997)
Railways - total:
757 km

standard gauge:
375 km 1.435-m gauge (Central Romana Railroad)

narrow gauge:
142 km 0.762-m gauge (Dominican Republic Government Railway)

note:
240 km operated by sugar companies in various gauges (0.558-m, 0.762-m, 1.067-m gauges) (2000)
Religions - Roman Catholic 95%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.9 male(s)/female

total population:
1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age

note:
members of the armed forces and police cannot vote
Telephone system - general assessment:
NA

domestic:
relatively efficient system based on islandwide microwave radio relay network

international:
1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 709,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 130,149 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 25 (1997)
Terrain flat rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed
Total fertility rate - 2.97 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 13.8% (1999 est.)
Waterways - none
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